Garden

Garden History

The Villa Romana is surrounded by a 1.5-hectare garden, which was created mainly in the 1970s - 1990s. It consists of different zones: a meadow on a slope, an olive grove, an orchard and a old-Tuscan-style garden with hedges and cypress trees. Over the years, plants, trees and romantic dedications became a overgrown, hermetic jungle that allowed neither space nor vista.

A garden of an artists’ house is not a leisure garden for bourgeois sentiments and aspirations, but a place of experimentation, collaboration and radical imagination: across the years, we can observe how many projects evolved in the outside of the house, how much digging, planting, collaborating with other species, testing grounds, and caring happened in the open space of Villa Romana. We can see that many artistic reflections and questions arose from the constant conversations with and in the garden.

In February 2008, the Villa Romana garden became the subject of an meeting between artists, landscape architects and art historians to find concepts for its relevance and future. Following this, the landscape architects Marc Pouzol, Veronique Faucheur and Marc Vatinel, who founded atelier le balto (Berlin, Le Havre) studio in 2000, developed a concept for reviving the Villa Romana garden: a gradual transformation of the area by horticultural activity - garden art in action.

In 2023 Villa Romana opened under the new director’s curatorial proposal for A House for Mending, Troubling, and Repairing. In times of ecological devastation and disaster capitalism, in an age of rising social conflicts and the reckoning with the (im)possible containment of climate change, we have been asking ourselves what ecological imaginaries can a garden give rise to and foster? In conversation with the curator and artist Marleen Boschen and with a growing community of people - scientists, artists, activists, team members and alumni of Villa Romana - we have been exploring the question: what this garden can be and can activate, encouraging joy through co-cultivation, enacting belonging through access to land, supporting biodiversity and regenerative practices. With the exhibition “Ecological Imaginaries for Agropoetics and Co-cultivation in the Garden of Villa Romana” (2023) and with a long-term programme under the title “Testing grounds - Seeding Worlds” (2023-ongoing), we took seriously the responsibility of caring for a big garden while trying to reckon with the climate grief and the effects of a certain shared eco-guilt, confronting the consequences of anxiety and grief on mental health.

Biodiversity Survey

Nome scientificoCaratteristicheOrigine
Acànthus mollisO-MA
Acer campestreBeesA
Agrimonia eupatoriaM-CA
Ailanthus altissimaIE
Allium neapolitanumCA
Arum italicumXXA
Aspidistra elatiorOE
Ballota nigraMA
Bellevalia romanaXXA
Bellis perennisC-MA
Beta vulgarisCA
Buxus balearicaXXE
Buxus sempervirensXXA
Capsella bursa pastorisCA
Cardamine hirsutaCA
Chamaeiris foetidissimaO-XA
Cirsium arvenseCA
Cirsium vulgareCA
Clinopodium nepetaC aromaticaA
Crepis sanctaCE invasiva
Crepis vesicariaCA
Cymbalaria muralisC piccole quantitàA
Erigeron sumatrensisC piccole quantitàE invasiva
Euphorbia helioscopiaXXA
Ficaria vernaXA
Galium aparineCA
Geranium molleMA
Geranium robertianumMA
Geranium purpureumA
Geranium rotundifoliumA
Gleditsia triacanthos varietà “inermis”C (frutti)E
Hedera helixXX-M-BeesA
Helminthotheca echioidesCA
Hyacinthoides sp. (non-scripta o hispanica ?)XXE
Hybiscus syriacusOE
Iris pallidaMA
Lactuca salignaA
Lagerstroemia indicaOE
Lamium maculatumCA
Lamium purpureumCA
Laurus nobilisC-MA
Lepidium drabaCA
Ligustrum lucidumIE
Magnolia grandifloraOE
Malus sp.C
Medicago arabicaforaggio per animaliA
Mercurialis annuaXXA
Mespilus germanicaCAr
Ornithogalum divergensXXA
Oxalis sp. (articulata o debilis ?)OE
Parietaria sp.( officinalis o judaica ?)C allergenicaA
Paspalum dilatatumIE
Phytolacca americanaI-XXE
Picris hieracioidesCA
Pittosporum tobiraO-BeesE
Plantago lanceolataCA
Potentilla reptansC-MA
Prunus cerasiferaCAr
Prunus cerasifera var. pissardiiC-O
Punica granatumC-OAr
Pyrus sp.C
Ranunculus bulbosusXXA
Ranunculus sp. (muricatus o parviflorus)XXA
Rosa x hybridaO
Rubia peregrinacoloranteA
Rubus ulmifoliusCA
Salix viminalisMAr
Sambucus nigraC-XA
Senecio vulgarisXXA
Setaria italicaCr
Silene latifoliaCA
Solanum pseudocapsicumXX-OE
Sonchus asperCA
Sonchus oleraceusCA
Stellaria sp. (media o neglecta?)CA
Taraxacum gruppo officinalisC - BeesA
Taxus baccata var.“fastigiata”XXXA
Urtica membranaceaCA
Veronica cymbalariaA
Veronica persicaE
Viburnum tinusO XXA
Vinca majorXX MA
Vinca minorXX MA
Viola odorataCA
Vitis viniferaCA
Yucca gloriosaOE
LEGENDA ORIGINELEGENDA CARATTERISTICHE
A: autoctonaC: commestibile
E: esoticaM: medicinale
Ar: archeofita (introdotta in tempi lontani)O: ornamentale
Cr: criptogenica (non se ne conosce l’origine)I: invasiva in Italia
Bees: mellifera
X: poco tossico
XX: tossico
XXX: molto tossico

Ecological Strategies

ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION AT VILLA ROMANA

We would like to achieve the following goals with the ecological transformation at Villa Romana:

1) Maintain and increase biodiversity in the garden. This is understood not only as the number of species present, but also as diversity within a species (seeds) in terms of adaptation to changing climatic and environmental conditions, and as balance and interactions between the different species.

2) Adopt practices that minimise pollution, promote water conservation and increase soil organic matter.

3) Establish an ongoing dialogue with the artists at Villa Romana to share our journey. Their suggestions and ideas for ecological transformation and their artworks inspired by this are very welcome. 

4) Publicise our path of ecological transformation as widely as possible and through various communication channels (explanatory panels in the garden, QR codes, newsletter, website/social media).

Measures to achieve these goals

MEASURES to achieve goal 1) Maintain and increase biodiversity in the garden. This is understood not only as the number of species present, but also as diversity within a species (seeds) in terms of adaptation to changing climatic and environmental conditions, and as balance and interactions between different species.

a) The Villa Romana garden as a place of in-situ conservation of native botanical species: maintaining the current bed of native botanical species (wild plant bed) and creating more beds of this type.

b) Increase the cutting height of the lawns so that more species can develop.

c) Maintaining a certain number of lawns that are mowed only once a year to allow seeds to mature and to gradually introduce seeds of different native wild flowers and plants.

d) Continuous monitoring for the presence of potentially 'invasive' species and assessment of their impact on biodiversity.

MEASURES for Objective 2) Adopt practices that minimise pollution, promote water conservation and increase soil organic matter.

a) Eliminate the use of synthetic chemical pesticides.

b) Converting some sections of the laurel hedge into a natural-looking clipped hedge. Pruning during the bird breeding season is avoided.

c) Creation of feeding places, hibernation sites and hiding places for insects and small animals such as hedgehogs (piles of branches and leaves, bat boxes, insect houses) in some parts of the garden. Given the cat colony, which has a negative impact on the occurrence of many species, it will not be possible to achieve a lot here. Sowing of caterpillar-eating plants for butterflies.

d) The newly introduced plant species are mainly (not exclusively) wild-growing and adapted to the currently changing climates (low water requirement, resistance to drought and high temperatures).

e) Recycling of all plant waste back into the garden.

f) Reduce watering as much as possible and use plants with low water consumption.

MEASURES for Objective 3) Establish an ongoing dialogue with the artists at Villa Romana to involve them in our journey. Their suggestions and ideas for ecological transformation and their artworks are very welcome.

a) Propose to the artists and contributors to the life of Villa Romana a regular exchange on what biodiversity is from a scientific and ecological point of view in order to link this with their artistic visions, if desired.

b) Evaluate together with the artists the possible impact of their works or installations on the bio-ecological balance of the garden.

ACTIONS for Objective 4) Publicise our path to ecological transformation as widely as possible and through various communication channels (explanatory panels in the garden, QR codes, newsletter, website/social media).

a) Update the plant survey and create information materials to disseminate the garden's botanical heritage. Involve artists in the creation of botanical maps with plants of their choice.

b) Regularly update the newsletter on the development of our ecological transformation.

Testing Grounds Programme

Testing Grounds Programme

Ecological Imaginaries for Agropoetics and Co-cultivation

Since 2023, the garden of Villa Romana is transforming into a new landscape of co-habitation and artistic engagement. Over the coming years, the garden will become a site for experimental artistic research and practice, the amplification of activist struggles for the access to and well-being of land, and for sharing place-based eco-pedagogies for care, healing and living with loss. Through a range of different activities and moments of activation, with the new direction of Villa Romana and a newly founded Garden Team (supported by a further dialogue with curator Marleen Boschen and agronomist Isabella Devetta), we imagine the garden as a testing ground for agroecological practices that are grounded in collective care and intergenerational and interspecies knowledge sharing. Exploring what this garden can be and who can find belonging and access to land through it, we want to encourage joy through co-cultivation, encouraging biodiversity and regenerative practices.

We draw from the privilege of access to a large piece of flourishing and abundant land. We seek to use this space to amplify the voices of those involved in environmental resistance and in keeping marginalised knowledges alive. In this way we will seek to build collaborations and conversations with local diasporic communities and solidarity groups in encouraging the garden’s ability to sustain many, both human and non-human collaborators.

Attuning to the poetic, experimental and radical practices of artists working with cultivation the garden will become a space for slow learning and un-learning with plants, people and other lifeforms and their respective worldmaking.The programme begins by slowly learning from the diversity that’s already present, understanding the dynamism of the garden as a place that has been in the making for decades, soil that has been made and remade for hundreds of years. And that will keep holding and giving ground for the life in the Villa and its ecosystem.Alongside an ecology survey by Isabella Devetta we are slowly developing plans with Isabella to establish a healing garden that can function as a collective resource.If you’d like to get involved in the ongoing care for Villa Romana’s garden, please get in touch.

GROWING

The Living Recipe Book | Daniela Zambrano Almidón

The Living Recipe Book creates moments of sharing food and rebuilding memory for Andean diasporic communities in the context of displacement, working with the deep and vital connection to the Land and connection to the rhythm of the earth in Quechuan culture.Daniela Zambrano Almidón has planted indigenous varieties of maize, chillies and sweet potatoe distributed in Villa Romana’s garden. These plants will feed into collaborative learning, meals and celebrations for the Quechuan community ‘where the protagonists are the dishes of our grandmothers, and where memories revive our connection to our land and to our siblings who stayed behind defending our great mother.’ The project will culminate in a pachamanca, a collective meal cooked in a soil oven underground, with the theme of To Feed is to Love.

Through moments of sharing – based on the Quechuan concept of Ayni as a practice of reciprocity and interconnection – The Living Recipe Book explores how to affectively and politically rebuild a connection with the land for migrant families and continue this into the future. At the same time the project traces the colonisation of land, people and plants through the movements of Andean maize and tomatoes to Europe – and the region around Florence specifically–, alongside the loss of memories attached to these plants.Daniela Zambrano Almidón is a Peruvian Quechua researcher and interdisciplinary artist, with experience in artistic projects and research on Andean-Amazonian popular culture in Peru, migratory groups, interculturality and memorial culture. She holds a Bachelor in Plastic and Visual Arts from the Escuela Nacional Superior Autónoma de Bellas Artes del Perú, and a Masters from the program “Arts in Context” at the University of the Arts in Berlin.

In 2023, she was a participant in the Singapore Biennale. She is involved in numerous projects that are rooted in participatory practices, artistic research, as well as interventions in public spaces and museum institutions: Since 2011, she has worked on researching textile art with the EnRedLanita Project. She is director of the project “Tejiendo Caminos”, a decentralised intercultural art project founded in 2014 together with community leaders, regional environmental activists and artists. She is also founder of the Ashlanqueras Collective, a Laboratory of Interventions in Urban Public Space in Lima. In Berlin she works on projects of cultural management, mediation, intercultural pedagogy and participatory art.

Orto Continuo | Leone Contini

Responding to the evictions of Chinese migrant farmers from their farms in Prato, Orto Continuo brings together plants from these farms that were forcibly abandoned, or that are in the constant danger of being confiscated, in order to unveil the demagogic circle of Institutional/media violence that informs such practice The project considers how authorities and media other the cultivation practices of migrant communities through discourses around invasive species that value some humans and non-humans more than others along the lines of nationality. The installation is part of a larger body of research where Leone Contini has been looking at farming in various communities that keeps biocultural memory alive and creates staple foods, from Chinese farmers in Tuscany to the Bengali agriculture around Palermo, to the workers’ gardens in Lyon where biodiversity from different geographies has cohabited for decades. In this way Orto Continuo creates a space for creative cohabitation of the histories and movements of plants and their custodians.

Leone Contini studied Philosophy and Cultural Anthropology at the University of Siena. His research sits at the intersection of anthropology, aesthetics and politics and his media include lecture-performances, collective interventions in public spaces, textual and visual narratives and drawings.

Seed Bunch | a collaborative seed-centred garden

Seed Bunch is a seed-centered garden and performative seed library. By implementing a garden at Villa Romana that is designed and fostered around seedling cycles and exchanges, we embrace the seed’s ontological relationality. The collection, storage and distribution system, namely the seed library, manifests through periodical gatherings around the garden following the different cycles of the species involved. By orienting the gardening towards seeds, we attempt a responsive and transversal human-environment relationship, in which human agency comes through not as formal engineering processes, but dynamically developing into, as well as together with, the garden. Breaking out from an anthropocentric and eurocentric understanding of archives and infrastructures, the living library blooms throughout regular material-discursive collective engagements - which simply put are reunions for fostering the garden library in a nice atmosphere and with adjacent activities-, praising the ambivalent potency of seeds, as they represent both beginnings and ends to cycles. Aesthetically, the garden will grow into a powerful and embracing display of freedom, entanglement, cooperation and co-cultivation. We hope similar gardens emerge in different locations, so the Seed Bunch becomes a translocal network of seed care and exchange.

Seed Bunch is deeply informed by artists Zayaan Khan’s work on moving from seed-as-object to seed-as-relation. The garden has been developed with Leone Contini and imagined with Monai de Paula Atunes. In its first year of cultivation the garden is growing from seed donations from artists Marleen Boschen, Katia Colaianni, Leone Contini, Jermay Michael Gabriel, Gabriella Hirst, Antje Majewski, Monaí de Paula Atunes, Åsa Sonjasdotter, Daniela Zambrano Almidón [leone’s student]

Seed Bunch is a growing collective effort – get in touch at [email] if you’re interested in joining the sharing and storytelling around seeds, either in in-person events or remotely via our Telegram group.

REPAIRING

Healing Garden

How can an artists’ house become a space for collaborative healing and learning from plants? Drawing from the pre-existing biodiversity in Villa Romana’s garden we want to create a medicinal garden, put differently, a garden for healing both for humans and the villa’s nonhuman inhabitants. We imagine this garden to take shape in a secluded area within the villa’s larger garden in the autumn and winter of 2023/24. With the expert knowledge of agronomist Isabella Devetta we are currently mapping the biodiversity of the garden and learning about the pre-existing species with medicinal properties. Throughout the summer, together with the resident artists and the villa’s many visiting thinkers and practitioners, we will develop a list of plants and a design for a community apothecary. Exploring what the reasons and conditions are that might make us turn to plants – such as stress, anxiety, pain, digestion, sleep… – we will create a space that creates both an aesthetic experience of being held and belonging as well as a space for collective gatherings and practical learning from plants and people with herbal medicinal knowledge. By the spring of 2024 we plan to start using this garden actively, sharing knowledges around the plants with Villa Romana’s audiences and visitors and creating moments of collection, processing and experimentation.